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Alice Paul
1885–1977
Militant suffragist who co-founded the National Woman's Party, organized the 1913 Washington parade, and was imprisoned and force-fed during a hunger strike for picketing the White House.
Investigative journalist, anti-lynching crusader, and founder of the Alpha Suffrage Club who refused to march at the back of the 1913 parade as directed by white organizers.
Labor lawyer and the public face of the suffrage movement who led 8,000 marchers on horseback in 1913 and died at 30 mid-campaign, her last words: "Mr. President, how long must women wait for liberty?"
Co-founder of the NAACP and founding president of the National Association of Colored Women, who demanded throughout her long career that the suffrage movement not abandon women of color.
National Woman's Party organizer imprisoned for White House picketing, whose 1920 memoir Jailed for Freedom became the definitive firsthand account of the NWP's militant campaign.
Polish immigrant mill worker turned labor organizer (also known as Rose Winslow) who was imprisoned at Occoquan alongside Alice Paul and smuggled diary notes to the press exposing their brutal treatment.
Millionaire socialite and the primary financier of the National Woman's Party, whose donated Capitol Hill headquarters is now a National Park Service monument.
Carrie Chapman Catt's lifelong partner and political right hand, who led the successful New York state suffrage campaign and helped build NAWSA's national organizing infrastructure.
Tennessee schoolteacher whose telegram urging her son Harry — a state legislator — to support women's suffrage supplied the deciding vote that ratified the 19th Amendment.